Everything about British Ultimatum totally explained
The
1890 British Ultimatum was an ultimatum by the British government delivered on
January 11 1890 to
Portugal, in breach of the
Treaty of Windsor of
1386 between the two countries, forcing the retreat of Portuguese military forces in the land between the colonies of
Mozambique and
Angola (present-day
Zimbabwe). The area had been claimed by Portugal, which had included it in its "
Pink Map", but this clashed with British aspirations to create a railroad link between
Cairo and
Cape Town, thereby linking its colonies from the north of Africa to the very south.
When Portugal acquiesced to British demands, it was seen as a national humiliation by
republicans in Portugal, who denounced the government and the King as responsible for it. The government fell, and
António de Serpa Pimentel was appointed Prime Minister.
On
August 20 1890 the
Treaty of London was signed between Portugal,
Germany and Great Britain, defining the territorial limits of Angola and Mozambique. The treaty was published in the
Diário do Governo (
Government Diary) on
August 30 and presented to the parliament that same day, leading to a new wave of protest and the downfall of the government.
The Ultimatum inspired the lyrics of the Portuguese National Anthem,
A Portuguesa.
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